single camera
multi camera
vs
multiple camera shots are setup with multiple camera setup for multiple angles at film at once.
this setup typically consists of 3-4 cameras recording from different angles
in single camera each shot is taken with one camera or multiple cameras facing the same direction then the camera and lighting is set again for the next shot or angle
advantages:
-you don't have to worry about the other camera setups being in the shot
-it's cheaper then multi camera
-smaller crew since its only on camera
-the director has more say other the actual shots not just the editing
disadvantages:
-you have to do multiple takes of the same sence
-it can course continuity errors because when you retake a shot there will be small difference e.g. hat being on in one take not the other
-if the camera breaks you lose all your footage unless it's saved somewhere else
-more time consuming
-some scenes are hard to reproduce e.g. fight scenes
advantages:
-is a camera is broken then you still have the other cameras shots as back up
-using multiple cameras saves time and means you don't have to setup again
-you don't have to worry about continuity between shots
-you can get your shot in one take which saves more time
disadvantages:
-multiple cameras means the director has less control of the induvial shots
-the other cameras can get in the way of each other
-the director has less say other each shots
-larger crew for all the cameras
YouTube vlogs
TV drama
YouTube vlogs most likely use single camera to save money, but if money wasn't an issue then multi camera is the better option since most of the footage is happen in the moment they can't retake shots like you would if you were making a film.
In YouTube vlog the content creator is meant to break the 4th wall and talk to the audience so they don't have to worry about other cameras being in shot.
TV Drama depends more on the drama, when it comes to drama scenes like fights it would be hard to reshoot but a lot of tv drama have small budgets so they might not be able to afford multi camera.
drama can have a lot of emotional scenes that would be good for singles camera since the director might need multiple takes to see which one looks the best
sporting events
music video
sporting events have to use multi camera since the shots are happening live normally they can't retake it also the people filming may not be the one hosting the event they have no say other what happens and when they just need to film it as it happens.
The only reason for a sporting event to use single camera is if they can't afford multiple cameras but this will decrease the quality of there footage since only having one angle means sometimes they'll take shots from a poor angle
music videos most likely use single camera since they don't have to worry about continuity between shots. most shots are made to look cool not tell a story
some music videos have drama stunts in them so they'd want multiple cameras to catch the stunt first try.
Well known musicians might use multiple cameras cause they have a big budget for the video
lastly music videos with a narrative might want to reshoot seen to make sure the emotion is right making single camera better since the director has more control that way
advertisements
saops/sitcoms
Advertisements might have to use single camera since a lot if the time if your advertising something it's because your brand need costumer for example new companies might be using the money fro a loan to make an advert or saving so there budget won't be as big as a film company.
Since adverts are anywhere between 0:30secs to 3minutes some adverts tend to take less time to make then film and music videos making the added time for retaking a shot less of a worry
Some adverts as simple as taking a shot of your product and saying a slogan so they won't need multiple angles and won't be hard to retake
sitcoms with a live audience would use multiple cameras to catch every angle since it will be recorded live and the actor will have to move around the set a lot
sitcoms without a studio can use ever. They can use single techniques if they have a small budget or plan to retake scenes either way then single camera is best but if your on a time limit and have the budget for it the multi camera is best so if depends on the sitcom/soap
documentaries
multi camera documantaries
single camera documantaries
big budget documentaries like nature documentaries have to use multiple cameras since when your filming nature especially animals they crew has no control over when anything happens so they have to wait mouths for a shot their looking for. since they have such little control they can't miss their shot so having multiple cameras increases there chances of getting the shot they need
educational documentaries might use single camera since a lot of the shots are interview with professional, shots of stationary objects or borrowed footage e.g. shots of the sun, fossils or crime scenes which you don't need multiple cameras to take
social documentaries like supersize me tend to be quite low budget so they'd use single camera since a lot of the footage is the host interviewing the public so they only need a medium close up of the interviewee
camera angles
birds eye view
a shot taken from directly above the point of interest. This can be used to show off a nice landscape
canted shot
a s taken with the camera at an unconventional angle
worms eye view
a shot taken from directly below the point of interest
two shot
a shot taken at eye level that frame two subjects at the same place at the same time
high/low angle
a high camera angle is taken from diagonally above the point of interest looking down
a low camera angle is taken from below the point of interest looking up
the example is a high angle
point of view
a shot taken from the point of view of a subject
over the shoulder
a shot taken from behind a persons should while there in a conversation
establishing shot
a shot taken from a distance to be used for an opening scene
wide angle
a shot taken from far away with more then two subjects
a good example of this is crazy rich Asians in which most shots are taken in a wide or two shot sometimes a mix of both this is used to show off the full asain cast this movie is known for and the size of there family, this was also used because of the many parties and events that happen throughout the movie
framing
extreme long
the camera focus is on the location with no subject or a far away subject
medium close up
the camera is focused on the subjects upper torso more specifically head to chest
medium long
mid shot
the camera is focused on the subjects body with the subject framed from the knee up
big close up
extreme close up
long shot
the camera is focused on the subjects whole torso with the subject framed head to waist
the camera focus is on the subjects whole with the subjected framed toe to head
close up
the camera is focused on the subjects profile with them framed head to shoulders
the camera is focused on the subjects facial expression with the subjected framed eyes to mouth
the camera is focused on the subjects facial element e.g. eyes, nose, ect.
the camera moves left and right only but doesn't change position
the camera moves up or down with the camera in a stationary condition
movement
hand-held
the camera is held instead of mounted making it more shaky it's often used to create a sense of realism
tracking
camera moves in, out' left or right following the subjects movement also known as dollying
steadican
zooming
camera is following a subject movement while being attached to a camera operator
the camera lens moving in and out of a subject while the camera is stationary
panning
tilting
focus
MEDIUM CLOSE UP
MID SHOT
LONG SHOT
EXTREME CLOSE UP
EXTREME LONG
MEDIUM LONG
focusing is getting a clear picture of your subject. This can be achieve though manual focus or auto focus. if your on manual focus you have to wait for the camera to focus on your subject but if your on auto focus you have to tell the camera where to focus
to auto focus a camera you first press the magnifying Botton then it should bring you to a screen like the one below
you should see a grit using the arrow button to move round the grid and tel it where on the grid to focus
1/2
1/4
1/8
1/15
1/60
1/125
1/250
1/500
1/1000
shutter speed
Shutter speed is the speed the camera shutter close the slower the shutter the blurrier the picture and the more light exposure. Shutters under 1/60 will be blurrier so you'll need to use a tripod or image stabilisation to get a clear picture. Shutter speed is measured in factions of a second from 1/2 to 1/1000 the higher the shutter the clearer the picture.
If you want you picture to be clear then a shutter speed of around 1/125 would be best but if you want a blur affect then 1/15 or 1/60 should work fine
18
28
Focal length
35
50
80
focal length is how zoomed in the image is when you take the picture. By zooming in the background seems like its getting close but the subject stays the same
focal length and shutter speed are linked so the best way to set it is to make sure the denominator of the shutter speed is higher then the focal length
As you can see in the last picture the background looks much close as if someone zoomed in on it but the subject looks the same.
135
200
300
Aperture
1.8
3.5
5.6
9.0
2.2
2.8
the aperture is how open the lens is when you hit the shutter release button. The larger the hole the more light more light enters the lens, smaller holes have the opposite affect meaning there less light. the aperture is measured in F-stop ranging from f1.2 to f32.
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in relation to shutter speed it means you can use the 2 to balance the amount of light coning in. Changing to the next f-stop normally doubles or halves (depending on which way you go) the f-stop which will double the light coming in or halve the light coming in
With shutter speed changing it by one will also double or halve the shutter speed meaning the light coming in will also double or halve
This means if you keep the aperture and the shutter speed opposite you'll have the same amount of light coming in
4.5
7.1
11
14
18
22
ISO
100
200
400
800
1600
3200
6400
12800
ISO is how we measure how sensitive a camera sensors are to light. it is measure starting from 100 going up by 2 each time.
In video and moving image the lower the ISO the lower the sensitivity to light and the finer the grains in the shot, the higher the number the more grain/noise in the shot.
in digital photography the ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensors but otherwise is the same as video
When setting keep in mind the higher the higher the number more sensitive your camera is to light so you can take pictures and videos in darker lighting but keep in mind the higher your ISO the more grains in your product
core assessment
Happy Pill by Weather
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Happy Pill by Weather is a single camera music video, the video uses a variety of single camera techniques. In this analysis I will focus on camera technique and settings.
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This single camera video starts with mid shot then cuts to a medium close up. In this medium close up the subject is an elderly man taking pills. The impact of using this camera technique is that the audience is forced to focus on the old man while he pours the unidentified pills into his hand. Eyeline match was used to show the man was staring at the pills. The audience’s focus on the old man is reinforced by the choice to use an aperture of 9. This aperture makes it so the background is recognisable but not fully visible. Therefore, there is a slight blur and the old man is the only thing in focus. This choice of opening scene establishes that drugs are going to be a central theme throughout the video.
Medium close ups are traditionally used to show facial expressions or head movements. In this single camera video, it’s used to highlight the old man’s reaction to the pills. This is likely to make the audience feel uneasy and or worried, as it is implying something bad will happen next. As he takes the pills the background warps behind him, and the old man is smiling creepily as he frantically looks around. The choice to focus so heavily on his facial expression via medium close up alongside the background editing makes the audience question the man’s sanity. In effect, it creates a sense of dread for what could happen to him.
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At 0:28 the single camera video cuts to the band that made the song. This shot is filmed in a dark room, lit only with high-key lighting. As the shot is so dark, the camera operator would have filmed with a low ISO so the subjects were still visible. The lights are positioned behind the band, and the scene starts with a wide shot which captures all of the band members. Then it does quick cuts between different close ups of the members and their instruments. Since this was filmed with a single camera, they would have taken a shot of the whole band playing the song, then each member playing their part. Then quick cuts are used in editing to create the illusion of the camera switching between members. The combined use of wide shot, close up, and quick cuts gives the video a very chaotic feel to it. This could leave the audience visually overstimulated and/or it could make them feel energetic
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Towards the end of the single camera video, the lead singer and female love interest are filmed in a pool together. This was done using two shots. Two shots are normally used to frame two subjects exchanging dialog, but in this video that isn't the case. Given that it’s a music video, there’s no dialog between the characters. Instead of using this technique for its traditional purpose it’s used to emphasize the emotional connection between these characters. The impact of this, is that it shows the audience that the characters’ relationship should be perceived as romantic instead platonic. Stedicam I used to follow the lead singer and his friends around. this techniques is used to make the audience feel included.
The office clip
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This is a clip from the show The Office. The Office is a single camera tv show. In this analysis I’ll be focusing on camera settings and techniques
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the start of the clip uses panning to go from one character to the next. This sets the scene for the rest of the clip. In the clip zooming is used for its traditional purpose of highlighting a character's facial expression. In this example, zooming involves changing the frame from a wide shot to close up. By choosing this technique, the audience gets a clearer view of the character’s facial expression. The use of zooming also means the audience can know every character's facial expression and therefore keep track of characters’ emotions. Which is why zooming is used throughout the show and is overall a helpful technique for shows with a large cast.
At 1:00 in the clip, the room starts to fill with smoke coming from the gap under the door. This is clearly a dangerous situation for the characters - therefore it connotes that the characters will be afraid. In turn, the audience expects the next shot to be full of panic and chaos. However, the subverts audience expectation by zooming into the characters' expressionless, relatively calm, faces. This signals to the audience, the characters are unaware of their predicament. It could make the audience feel frustrated because they want the characters to notice the smoke.
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This single camera show is a mockumentary. Which is why it’s filmed using hand-held. Hand-held is normally used to make the shots look more realistic. It’s also often used to make the audience feel like they’re part of the scene. The office uses it for the same purpose. Since it’s a mockumentary it's meant to look like everything is filmed in one take. This is evident at 1.19 as the camera operator has to turn almost 180 to go from one character to another, instead of doing a straight cut to the other character. This helps the audience feel how chaotic the scene is, in turn further immersing them into the scene. This also makes it look more like it was filmed in one take.
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Another technique used in this single camera show is a low angle shot and tilting. At 4:28, the techniques are used when one of the characters collapses to the floor. Tilting is used changes who's in frame, it starts by showing the guy that collapsed then shows the one standing on a chair. this is used to get the camera back to the level most of the characters are on. Low angle was also used. After collapsing the other characters rushed over to check on him. A character named Michael gets on his knees to try to help. The choice to use a low angle gives the audience a similar view to the man that collapsed. This means the audience can understand how he might feel. It is also done so everyone’s face is in frame. Since there are so many characters, shots like this are needed to see everyone’s emotion. titling is used to show the character collapsing. Since the camera operator is standing it becomes a high angle shot.
money supermarket
This is a single camera advert for Money Supermarket. In this analysis i will be talking about camera settings and techniques
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at the start the camera operator uses tracking (also known as dollying) to bring focus to the other character. afterwards at around 0:06, the cameraman focuses on the legs of a character. Soon after the shot changes to a medium close up of their face. In the shot of the legs you can see the character wearing feminine shorts. In the medium close up you can see the character wearing a suit. The director’s choice to frame these body parts separately highlights the difference between the shots. This is done to trick the audience into thinking their different characters. The next shot uses a medium long shot of this character. This reveals to the audience that it is the same character. Which would leave the audience feeling shocked.
The single camera advert also uses a medium close up, at 0:42 in the clip. This shot was filmed with a high aperture, with an F-stop of 14. In the shot the characters are in a dance battle. The characters are giving very intense facial expressions. Medium close ups are typically used to show a character's facial expression. This is the same reason it's used in the clip. The choice to use this shows to the audience how focused the characters are. The director’s choice to emphasise the character’s serious facial expressions, has a comedic effect as it feels out of place.
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In this single camera advert a high angle shot is used, at 1:27 in the clip. In the shot one of the characters is kneeling down on the floor. The other character is standing in front of him, holding him by the tie. It is filmed over the shoulder of the character standing up. This was filmed as a high angle shot to frame two characters together, even though they are on different levels. This technique creates a layered dynamic, which makes the kneeling character look submissive. The drawn out power dynamics make the dance battle seem more competitive, and in turn excited the audience for what will happen next.
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The use of high angle shot in this single camera video also gives the audience a closer view of the kneeling character's face. By focusing on the kneeling character, the director encourages the audience to empathise with them and creates an underdog narrative. The kneeling character's face is angry, suggesting to the audience the underdog is going to fight back. This sets the scene for the next shot which is a two shot dance battle.
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This single camera advert uses two shots to film the dance battle at 1.50 in the clip. Framing both the characters standing at the same level, is an interesting dynamic change from the previous scene. It suggests that the underdog is back in the competition, and creates suspense. The characters then do a variety of dance moves including a jumping into the splits, which is likely to leave the audience speechless. Overall the director’s use of camera techniques creates a comedic and intense advert.
learning aim B
This is the planning section of my music video. in this part I planned out everything including shots, location and equipment. Below you'll find all the documents I filled out to prepare for filming. You'll also find a log sheet that talks about the progress of each week of planning
Treatment
This is the music video treatment. the part of this treatment that I presented and made are the first 3 slides. Which introduce our fake company, tells you about the artist being the song we chose and shows you the fake song name and artist I made
Everyone else's part talks about costume, mise-en-scene, location, etc.
This is sheet stating all the equipment available. as you can see I used a slash (/) to indicate what equipment I want to borrow. It also has a slash to indicate that I've packed and unpack the equipment and when I've repacked and returned the equipment.
equipment booking
Location recce
This is a document showing the location i used for my part of the music video. I picked it cause it fit the narrative and was convenient for the actors
Risk assessment
This list out possible safety risk and how I plan to prevent or decrease them.
Shooting schedule
This is a schedule showing when everyone in my group is going to film and the different locations.
This is the new one we made after having to change filming dates and locations.
Shooting script
This is a written script of the shots i plan to take at the site. the narrative I'm filming is of two people who met each other online talking in a café.
key:
Male lead refers to the person in the music video that gets lost and is represented with an m in my storyboard (the actor playing this part may not actually be male)
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Female refers to the one waiting for them this is represented by an f on my storybaord (this actor will definitely be female)
storyboard
This shows drawing of all the shots i plan to get. Most of the information about this written next to the shooting script
Key:
M-Male lead
F-Female lead
Original planning
These are the originnal planning documents that got changed later into planning
Location reece originally
This is the original location i picked but due to last minute changes coursed by actors change in availability we changed dates and locations
the location I picked originally is a organic, vegan friendly café which i picked because it makes for an interesting set
Shooting script originally
This is the shooting script we made originally but a change in actor availability meant we had to shoot on a different day
Learning aim C
Video log sheet
This document has a log of each shot i took, what the shot is of and some comments on the shot for the editor to keep in mind. There's also take and scene number
My edited section
My section of the music video is the resolution which is the end of the narrative. In my section the female lead is waiting for a date. when a kind stranger comes notices she's sad and comes over to check on her. After talking they quickly becomes fiends and end the video walking off together
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Full music video
This is the music video without performance. I decided to edit it myself using the raw shots instead of editing together everyone else edit.
The narrative for the full music video is a couple that met online try to meet up but Tobi (male lead) gets lost and Mauzi (female lead) is left waiting for him. at first she waits in public for him. Then enters the place they were meant to meet at and waits there. Then a lovely stranger (named Niki) sees her alone and comes to keep her company. Till this day no one knows where Tobi went.
evaluation
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before and after
In this shot i increased the vibrancy and sharpness to make the clearer to read for the audience
before
before
Before
Before
Before
after
after
After
After
After
I changed the colour tint to be a bit pink. this makes the scene look prettier since she's doing her makeup in it. I also turned up the brightness
I increased the vibrancy and saturation to highlight the beauty of the trees in the background. it also hightens the shadow on her face which i commonly used in R&B since they offen use highkey lighting to cast shadows on the face
I lowered the vibrancy and saturation to make the scene look lifeless especially compared to the rest of the scene which is quite bright. I did this to create meaning since the main character is sad to not see they're date walking in
I added an end caption with the production company name. I added to advertise the production company and as a replacement for normal end credits
screening
For the screen set round a sheet with 11 closed questions on it to 103 people in the target demographic. They answered the questions after watching the music video then handed the filled in sheet back to me. i then made each question into a pie chart showing everyone's answers.
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This is the sheet we handed out to 103 people
Feedback
this is a pie chart showing the results for question 1 the result are in the middle with most of the answers being in the middle. this tells me that the narrative wasn't very good and confused the audience a bit but also probably wasn't a completely mess
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The highest answer for this question is 6/10 which is leaning towards the middle and the number of 5-3 is still fairly high. This respond tells me the video didn't look bad and had ok/good quality but it still looks like it was made by students with little experience.
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The result are mostly in the middle and they're are more negative answers then positive one's. This tells me that the music video wasn't entertaining it and i need to improve the narrative to make it more interesting
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Most people put down 7 which is positive but behind that the most of the answer are more negative. This tells me the quality of the music video wasn't good enough and i should watch more careful not to have blurry shots
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Most people said no to this question which means the video wasn't good enough to be posted. This also tell me the video didn't look good overall
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The most common answer is in the middle. which means we appeal to our target age range but not to people in they're 30s. This is still a good response since we're meeting our age range but we could still improve are video to better appeal to higher ages
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Most of the answers are in the middle which tells me the music video isn't attention grabbing and views stop paying attention. This can be solved by making the video visually more interesting
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Most of the answers are slightly which shows the video has some codes and conventions of the R&B genre but is missing a lot of key theme
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The answers are almost evenly split between partly and definitely but definitely has more answers answer. This tell me i used a wide range of single camera techniques but it's could have more
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Most of the answers are maybes so this she's the video probably wasn't interesting enough to recommend
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most of the answer are kind of but yes is also almost even with it. this shows that we almost completely met the brief but missed 2 or 3.
what i'd do differently
Overall the answer are mainly in the middle which means the music video isn't bad but isn't good ever. it shows that the video need to be made interesting and improve quality. based on this feedback if i could i would be make sure my shots weren't blurry and change the narrative so its clearer and more interesting and add more genre specific content e.g. highkey light with blue or purple gels